Efficient utilization of red mud waste via stepwise leaching …
Four components, including Fe 2 O 3, CaO, Al 2 O 3, and SiO 2, constitute the major part of red mud. One of the most challenging steps was to choose a method to separate calcium from the mixture.
The roles of red mud as desulfurization and denitrification in …
The comprehensive utilization of red mud covers a wide range, including raw metal materials, infrastructure materials, environmental remediation materials, etc [10].Since red mud is a potential resource of metals, red mud can be used to extract metal elements, for example, iron, aluminum, titanium, and rare metals, etc [11], [12], [13].In addition, red mud can also be …
Separation and recovery of titanium and scandium from the red mud
Alkaline leaching of red mud typically aims to recover sodium and aluminum [32]. The dissolution efficiency of titanium and REEs have been shown to be low with alkaline leaching treatment. In contrast, recovery rate of these components has been shown to be sufficiently high using acidic reagents. ... The concentration of major components of the ...
Properties and Assessment of Applications of Red Mud …
Abstract In order to conserve natural resources and prevent waste generation, effective utilization of industrial wastes and/or by-products for beneficial engineering applications becomes inevitable. In order to accomplish this, extensive research studies, exploring properties and new applications of waste materials in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner, …
Red mud is piling up. Can scientists figure out what to do …
The team hopes red mud could become a source of both the extra iron added to their cements and the alkaline compounds needed to catalyze the hardening reactions. ... and even fertilizer. Yet just 3% of red mud is currently recycled. One major reason is that many schemes envision using red mud to make commodities that are already cheap and ...
Alkali-hydrothermal activation of tailings with red mud as a
Utilization of mine tailings via geopolymerization is a promising approach to convert them into value-added products. In this method, development an affordable and effective activation technology for enhancing the reactivity of tailings is necessary. In this study, an alkali-hydrothermal method was used for the tailings activation, with the high-alkaline red mud as a …
Enhanced performance of red mud oxygen carrier for …
Among, Red mud (RM), a by-product of bauxite processing through the Bayer process, exhibits characteristics of strong alkalinity (pH 10–14), a large quantity, and complex components [19, 20]. Fe 2 O 3 is the main component of red mud, typically accounting for 15–60 wt%, and it is considered as potential OCs. It is noteworthy that the raw ...
Mechanical properties and permeability of red mud-blast …
The main reason for the generation of this kind of substance was that it was generated by the reaction of OH − with the aluminosilicate components in red mud and BFS in a strongly alkaline environment. This kind of substance had a chain structure like an organic polymer and can react with mineral particles.
An Eco-Friendly Acid Leaching Strategy for Dealkalization of …
The phase state of alkaline components has a significant influence on the dealkalization of red mud. In this work, an environmentally friendly acid leaching strategy is proposed by controlling …
Study on the Acid Leaching of Metal Components in Bayer Red Mud …
Materials. The red mud sample used in this experiment was collected from an alumina refinery in Henan province, China. The chemical element composition of red mud sample was analyzed, and the result was illustrated in Table 1.It can be seen from Table 1 that the Fe 2 O 3 content in the red mud sample is 25.915%, the Al 2 O 3 content is 19.447%, and the TiO 2 …
Recovery of Alumina and Alkali from Red Mud Using NaFeO
Bauxite residue, or red mud (RM), is a high-alkaline solid waste generated from alumina production from bauxite. Depending on the bauxite quality and production process, it produces 1-1.5 tons of red mud for per ton of alumina. 1,2,3,4 Red mud has been one of China's most considerable industrial solid waste emissions. China's cumulative red mud stockpile will …
Physicochemical and Microstructural Properties of …
The results showed that red mud has a high cation exchange capacity and active physicochemical properties, which can be closely related to its extremely high alkalinity and complex microstructure.
Extraction of Valuable Elements from Red Mud with a …
Bauxite residue, known as red mud, is a by-product of alumina production using the Bayer process. Currently, its total global storage amounts to over 4.6 billion tons, including about 600 million tons in Russia. The total global storage of red mud occupies large areas, leading to environmental damage and increasing environmental risks. Moreover, it contains a …
Summary of Research Progress on Metallurgical Utilization …
Red mud is a highly alkaline solid waste discharged in the alumina production process. Because of its large amount of discharge and high alkalinity, it is mostly stored in dams, occupying a large number of land resources and posing a great safety hazard to the ecological environment. ... The main chemical components of the Bayer method red mud ...
Separation and recovery of titanium and scandium from the red mud
In this study, a full process in recovery of titanium and rare earth elements (REEs) from the red mud was developed. The suggested route consists of four main stages in the process flow diagram: sample preparation, leaching, hydrolysis, and solvent extraction.Sample preparation is proposed using a two-stage water washing followed by calcination to remove …
An Eco-Friendly Acid Leaching Strategy for Dealkalization of Red Mud …
The alkaline components in red mud represent one of the crucial factors restricting its application, especially for the construction and building industry. The phase state of alkaline components has a significant influence on the dealkalization of red mud. In this work, an environmentally friendly acid leaching strategy is proposed by controlling the phase …
Red mud: Characteristics, utilization, and environmental …
RM-ERMs find application in three main areas: purifying wastewater, treating atrophy gases, and remediating soil. The extremely alkaline nature of red mud is harnessed in …
A review on effect of red mud on properties of alkali …
The most important chemical components of red mud are Alumina (Al 2 O 3), Iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3), ... [35] in the creation of a red mud-fly ash geopolymer. A surplus of alkaline activator had an impact on the setting time of two geopolymers. When desulfurized red mud was used, the geopolymer's setting time grew past 3.5 M NaOH (sodium hydroxide ...
The composition, recycling and utilisation of Bayer red mud
Under the alkaline oxidative conditions existing in the Bayer process, they break down to more simple compounds such as the sodium salts of succinic, acetic and oxalic acids. …
Application of microbial mineralization in the treatment of …
Red mud is a highly alkaline solid waste with very fine particles produced in the production of alumina from bauxite, which is difficult to utilize comprehensively. In this paper, microbial mineralization is applied to the treatment of sintering red mud, and the mineralized products with good cementation characteristics generated in the reaction process are used to …
Staged leaching behavior of red mud during dealkalization with mild
The alkaline components in red mud represent one of the crucial factors restricting its application, especially for the construction and building industry. ... The main components of the filter ...
Applications of Red Mud as a Masonry Material: A Review
Red mud (RM) is a highly alkaline by-product produced by the aluminium industry. The total stockpile of RM in the world is evaluated to be close 4 billion tons, which caused serious soil and water pollution. ... The main components of RM resulting from the Bayer process are haematite (Fe 2 O 3), boehmite (γ-AlOOH), ...
Dealkalization and Leaching Behavior of Fe, Al, Ca, …
Red mud (RM) is a high alkaline industrial solid noxious waste produced from the extraction of alumina from bauxite. It is called RM because it contains iron oxide and looks similar to the red soil. ... The main chemical …
Study on occurrence form and solidification mechanism of alkaline …
Red mud contains excessive Na^+, which seriously damages acidity and alkalinity of surrounding soil and groundwater. Therefore, the occurrence form and the leaching characteristics of the alkaline components in red mud under different pH conditions were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ion chromatography and titration test, et al., and the solidification …
Review Carbon capture and mineralisation using red mud: A …
Red mud (RM), also known as bauxite residue, is a solid waste or industrial by-product (IBP) produced during the alumina extraction process from bauxite ore (Archambo and Kawatra, 2021; Wang et al., 2019; Yuan et al., 2020).The major alumina and RM-producing countries include China, Australia, Brazil, India, Greece, etc., where billions of tons of RM …
Applications of red mud as an environmental remediation material: A
Red mud is an alkaline by-product produced by alumina plants. The accumulation of red mud is becoming an increasingly serious problem with the growth of the aluminum industry. ... Related studies have reported that Fe 2 O 3 and Al 2 O 3 in red mud are the main components for removing chromium in water (Zhang et al., 2014, Zhao et al., 2013).
Guidelines for Handling and Management of Red Mud …
Red Mud Generated from Alumina Plants (May 2023) ... The major environmental issue in handling or disposal of Red Mud is the alkaline nature of waste that may pose risk of contamination due to seepage or over-flow. Historically, ... The components of a typical smelting cell (termed pot)..... 16 Figure 7: World's leading producers of Alumina ...
Dealkalinization Effect of Carbon Dioxide in Flue Gas on …
the alkaline components in red mud, and that red mud had a strong sequestration effect on carbon dioxide. ... the major chemical components of red mud, and their con-tents were 39.79%, 21.51%, 16.32%, and 3.65%, respec-tively. In addition, the content of CaO was 2.24%, while the
Comprehensive utilization status of red mud in China: A …
The main chemical components of red mud include SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, CaO, all gel components. Thus it can substitute for a portion of the clay in the preparation cement and …
Sustainable Utilization of Red Mud as Recycled Waste: A
Red mud (RM) is a by-product produced during the extraction of alumina from bauxite using Bayer's process. The production of red mud as a by-product of hydrothermal alumina extraction results in the production of non-dissolved iron oxides, sodium aluminosilicates, titania, and silica, in addition to rare earth elements. Due to its high alkalinity, disposal …